Generate Random Key In Oracle
Nov 14, 2019 10 Ways to Generate a Random Password from the Linux Command Line Lowell Heddings @lowellheddings Updated November 14, 2019, 2:44pm EDT One of the great things about Linux is that you can do the same thing hundreds of different ways—even something as simple as generating a random password can be accomplished with dozens of different commands.
- To create a primary key in a table, you use the PRIMARY KEY constraint. Oracle PRIMARY KEY constraint examples. Typically, you create a primary key for a table when you create that table. In addition, you can add a primary key to a table after the fact by using the ALTER TABLE statement. Creating a primary key that consists of one column.
- Oracle stores dates as integer offsets from a key date in the past (January 1, 4712 B.C., in case you were curious). This means that you can generate random dates in a given range by finding the integer that corresponds to your desired start date, and then adding a random integer to it.
- May 25, 2004 Generating random numbers or strings is oft-times a necessity. Oracle provides a random number generator that is faster than writing your won random generation logic in PL/SQL, and can generate both character and alphanumeric strings. Perhaps it is time to learn more about the DBMSRANDOM package.
- Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) Oracle sequences are frequently used to provide unique numbers for primary keys where an appropriate unique key is not available. The use of sequences can cause a problem during data migrations and replication processes where duplication of the sequences occur.
This Oracle tutorial explains how to create, drop, disable, and enable a primary key in Oracle with syntax and examples.
What is a primary key in Oracle?
In Oracle, a primary key is a single field or combination of fields that uniquely defines a record. None of the fields that are part of the primary key can contain a null value. A table can have only one primary key.
Note
- In Oracle, a primary key can not contain more than 32 columns.
- A primary key can be defined in either a CREATE TABLE statement or an ALTER TABLE statement.
Create Primary Key - Using CREATE TABLE statement
You can create a primary key in Oracle with the CREATE TABLE statement.
Syntax
The syntax to create a primary key using the CREATE TABLE statement in Oracle/PLSQL is:
Example
Let's look at an example of how to create a primary key using the CREATE TABLE statement in Oracle:
In this example, we've created a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk. It consists of only one field - the supplier_id field.
We could also create a primary key with more than one field as in the example below:
Create Primary Key - Using ALTER TABLE statement
You can create a primary key in Oracle with the ALTER TABLE statement.
Syntax
The syntax to create a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle/PLSQL is:
Example
Let's look at an example of how to create a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle.
In this example, we've created a primary key on the existing supplier table called supplier_pk. It consists of the field called supplier_id.
We could also create a primary key with more than one field as in the example below:
Drop Primary Key
You can drop a primary key in Oracle using the ALTER TABLE statement.
Syntax
The syntax to drop a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle/PLSQL is:
Example
Let's look at an example of how to drop a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle.
In this example, we're dropping a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
Disable Primary Key
You can disable a primary key in Oracle using the ALTER TABLE statement.
Syntax
The syntax to disable a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle/PLSQL is:
Example
Let's look at an example of how to disable a primary using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle.
In this example, we're disabling a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
Enable Primary Key
You can enable a primary key in Oracle using the ALTER TABLE statement.
Syntax
The syntax to enable a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle/PLSQL is:
Example
Let's look at an example of how to enable a primary key using the ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle.
In this example, we're enabling a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
RandPassGenerator 1.3The RandPassGenerator Java application is a simple command-line utility for generating random passwords, passphrases, and raw keys. It is designed very conservatively to ensure that the random values it provides offer full cryptographic strength requested by the user.
Usage Information
To use RandPassGenerator, you'll need the Oracle Java Runtime Environment; any recent version should be sufficient, but at a minimum version 9 is recommended.
The RandPassGenerator can also run from a terminal or console. The command-line syntax is simple:
Options
-v {Print verbose messages during operation, in addition to logging}
-str S {Use generation strength of S bits (default: 160)}
-pw N {Generate N random password of the specified strength}
-pp N {Generate N random passphrases of the specified strength}
-k N {Generate N random keys of the specified strength}
-enc {Encrypt generated random key using a random password that is at least a 16 characters (256-bit AES) and write to file named the Key ID (KEY_ID.enc). A prompt for a random password to us will appear. Users should generate a random password to use for encryption prior to generating keys. ('java -jar RandPassGenerator.jar -pw 1 -str 96' will generate a 16 character password).}
-decrypt {Decrypt encrypted key file using a random password that is at least a 16 characters and save as text file (KEY_ID_decrypted.txt). A prompt for the name of the encrypted file to decrypt will appear, then a prompt for the random password to use will appear.}
Unusual options:
-pplen M {When generating passphrases, longest word should be M letters long (minimum value of M is 3)}
-ppurl U {Use the URL U to load words for passphrase (default: use internal list)}
-pwcs P {Use character pattern P for characters to use in passwords (lowercase, uppercase, number, special character, or combination)}
-log F {Log all operations to the log file F (default: ./randpass.log)}
Generate Random Key In Oracle Login
-out F {Write output to file F (default: writes to stdout)}
-c N {Format output passwords and keys in chunks of N characters}
-sep S {For chunk formatting, use S as the separator (default: -)}
At least one of the options -pw, -pp, or -k must be supplied. The keys, passwords, or passphrases produced by RandPassGenerator will be written to the standard output (stdout), so they can easily be redirected to a file. The -out option can also be used to write the output to a file. All messages are written to the standard error (stderr).
Detailed log messages are appended to the specified log file - if the log file cannot be opened, then the tool will not run.
Note that the -pwcs option is a little strange. Each character in the value represents a full set of characters. Any lowercase lettermeans 'add a character set of all lowercase letters', any uppercase letter means 'add a set of all uppercase letter', any digit means'add a set of all digits', and anything else means 'add a set of all punctuation marks'. There is no way to supply a fully custom character set. Normally, you should not use the -pwcs option, you should let RandPassGenerator use its default character set.
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Examples
Example 1: generate 5 random passwords using the default mixed character set, at default strength of 160, saved into file GoodPasswords.dat
Example 2: generate 20 random passphrases using the default dictionary, at strength of 256, with verbose messages, using words up to 9 letters long, and output saved into the file passphrases.txt
Generate Random Key In Oracle Login
Example 3: generate 200 random keys at strength of 192, with logging to keygen.log, and output to mykeys.out.
Example 4: generate 100 passwords at strength 160, using a character set of lowercase letters and digits, with output redirected to hi-quality-stuff.txt
Example 5: generate 10 passwords at strength 128, formatted into chunks of five characters each, separated by /.
Example 6: generate 1 random key at strength 256, and encrypt to file using random password.
Example 7: Decrypt encrypted key file.
Design Information
The foundation of RandPassGenerator is an implementation of the NIST SP800-90 Hash DRBG. It uses entropy, carefully gathered from system sources, to generate quality random output. The internal strength of the DRBG is 192 bits, according to NIST SP800-57, using the SHA-384 algorithm. In accordance with SP800-90, the DRBG is seeded with at least 888 bits of high quality entropy from entropy sources prior to any operation.
This implementation uses the seed mechanism of the Java SecureRandom class for gathering entropy. This implementation performs self-tests at every execution, so that users can be confident that no library problems have affected operation. Two kinds of self-tests are performed:
- Known-answer tests from the NIST Hash_DRBG verification suite test file.
- Simple statistical tests on DRBG output.
If the tests don't pass, the tool reports failure and refuses to run.
The strength mechanism implemented here is quite simple. For passwords, the size of the character set used defines thebits-per-character, and password length is then computed to meet or exceed the requested strength (typically, this is somewhere around 5-6 bits per character). Similarly, for passphrases the size of the usable dictionary defines the bits-per-word, and passphrase length is then computed to meet or exceed the requested strength (for the default dictionary and settings, roughly 16 bits-per-word). Duplicates are eliminated and the entropy is computed based on the number of unique characters or words.
The RandPassGenerator tool performs extensive logging. By default, log entries are appended to the local file 'randpass.log'. No actual key data, random data, or seed data is written to the log file.
License
See LICENSE.
Contributing
See CONTRIBUTING.
Disclaimer
See DISCLAIMER.